A Critical Assessment of Extraction Methodologies for the Valorization of Agricultural Wastes: Polyphenolic Profile and Bioactivity

Different extraction techniques were used to exploit fruit processing residues for their use as a source of phenolic compounds. Three different methods, namely microwave-assisted (MAE), subcritical water (SWE), and maceration (M), assessed gauge respective efficacies. Total content (TPC) total flavonoid (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), radical scavenging activity ABTS assay evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography was assess the polyphenolic profile. MAE technique that allowed highest recovery Concerning by-products analyzed, extract pomegranate peels obtained using M60C had TPC (313 ± 24 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw)) TFC (36.0 2.8 EE/g dw), respectively, (FRAP = 740 67 AAE/g dw (628 27 TE/g dw) corresponded M60C. The composition this sample high-performance chromatographic–diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) showed gallic acid, protocatechuic β-resorcylic (+)-cathechin, rutin main phenolics found. findings underscore capacity agricultural act This offers feasible solution enhance nutritional in food while simultaneously minimizing environmental waste.